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 WORLD HISTORY
Antiquity Online
civilizations, philosophies 
and changing religions 

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by Frank E. Smitha.
Copyright © 1998 by Frank E. Smitha. All rights reserved.
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Contents
1. Survival and Idea in the Stone Age:  Hunters and gatherers. Stone Age farming and greater insecurity. The origins of religion. Human and animal sacrifices.
2. The Sumerians:  The rise of civilization in Syria and Mesopotamia. Sumerians believe in sin, war, male supremacy and slavery, and they create a tradition in writing sacred stories.
3. Africa and Egypt, to 1750 BCE:   Early agriculture and herding across Africa. Civilization along the Nile, to 1750 BCE.  Egyptian religion, autocracy and rebellion. 
4. New Societies in West Asia: Migrations. Empires. Stories of creation and a flood. Genetic diffusions. Disease, the misunderstood evil. 
5. Hebrews between  Assyria and Egypt:  The Hebrews into Canaan. Genesis. A divided Israel. The Prophets. Assyria overruns Israel and conquers Egypt.
6. India, Hinduism and Religious Rebellion, to 483 BCE:   Mohenjo Daro. Aryan expansion, Hinduism and the origins of Jainism and Buddhism.
7. The Rise of China:  The Shang and Zhou dynasties. Confucius, Mo-zi, and Daoism. Wars among principalities.  Imperial conquest and creation of a unity called China.
8. Europe, Greece, and Philosophy:  Agricultural Europe. The Mycenaean Greeks and Minoans. Homer. Athens and Sparta.  Early Greek philosophers.
9. Babylon, Persia and Judaism:  Assyria's demise. King Josiah and the Moses legend.  Babylon and the captive Jews.  Persia,  Zoroastrianism and Judaism.
10. The Greeks in Triumph and Futility:  Herodotus. The Persian and Peloponnesian wars.  The demise of victorious Sparta.
11. Ideas from Anaxagoras to Aristotle:  Anaxagoras, Protagoras, Thucydides, Hippocrates, Democritus, Socrates, Plato and Aristotle.
12. Alexander Changes the World:  Philip unites Macedonia and dominates Greece. His son Alexander conquers Egypt and eastward through Persia  to India.
13. Hellenistic Civilization -- an Almost Modern World:  Alexander's successors. Cosmopolitanism, religion, prosperity, hard times and philosophy.
14. Empire, Fragmentation and Salvation in India:  The Mauryan Empire. Invasions and a not-so-dark age. Mahayana Buddhism, Hindu scripture and loving gods.
15. The Rise and Fall of Han China:  A new order and prosperity. Confucianism and Taoism.  Decline and fall of the Han Dynasty.
16. The Rise of Rome:  Rome's origins, religion and laws.  Strength through compromise.  Rome dominates Italy.  The Punic wars and aftermath to 200 BCE.
17. Roman Empire and Dictatorship:  Rome expands. The historian Polybius. Slave revolts. The Gracchi, politics and murder.  Marius and Sulla.
18. Judaea and Civil War:  Revolt of the Maccabees and Hanukkah. Religious and class divisions. War among the Hasmonaeans and loss of independence.
19. Fall of the Roman Republic:  Spartacus and a decline in Roman slavery. Julius Caesar. Octavian, Antony and Cleopatra.  Rule by Octavian (Augustus Caesar).
20. Jews and Christians in Rome's Golden Age:  The Essenes. The Dead Sea Scrolls. Jesus and the early Christians. Jews against Rome to the year 250.
21. Rule by the Julio-Claudians:  The unpopular but able Tiberius. Caligula does his best. Claudius the family man. Nero, Christians and the Great Fire.
22. Rome, from Golden Age to Political Chaos:  Good and bad emperors, prosperity, Plutarch and Cynics. Power to the military. Rome swallowed by its empire.
23. Persia and Its New Religious Mix, to the year 300:  Rise of the Sassanid dynasty. Zoroastrian priests and Manichaeism. Jews and Christians under the Sassanids.
24. Rome's Decline and Christianity's Ascent:  Plunder, taxation and escape to estates. Christian martyrdoms. Neo-Platonism. The emperor Diocletian.
25. Christian Emperors, Persia, and the Fall of Rome:  Constantine. Bishop Eusebius. Persecutions of  Jews and pagans. John Chrysostom. Germanic invasions.
26. Augustine Influences Christianity:  Augustine's theory about the fall of Rome and original sin.. Augustine against the pantheists, the Pelagians and Donatists. 
27. Remnants of the Roman Empire:  Vandals in North Africa. Ostrogoths in Italy. Attila the Hun. Clovis. Rivalry between bishops.
28. Persia, India and a Common Enemy:  Intolerance, hard times and a communist uprising in Persia. A golden age and decline in India. 
29. China, Korea and Japan, to they year 500:  Buddhism and turmoil in China. Daoism changes and Confucianism declines. Buddhism migrates to Korea. Civilization in Japan.
30. The Americas, Africa, Southeast Asia and Oceania:  Agriculture and civilizations in the Americas and Africa. Escape to uninhabited islands.

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